LINUX查看磁盘使用情况

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一、本机磁盘使用信息

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$ df -h
# df，disk free
# -h, human-readable
Filesystem      Size  Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/sdb        251G   20G  219G   9% /
tmpfs           3.1G     0  3.1G   0% /mnt/wsl
tools            83G   68G   15G  83% /init
none            3.1G     0  3.1G   0% /dev
none            3.1G  4.0K  3.1G   1% /run
none            3.1G     0  3.1G   0% /run/lock
none            3.1G     0  3.1G   0% /run/shm
none            3.1G     0  3.1G   0% /run/user
tmpfs           3.1G     0  3.1G   0% /sys/fs/cgroup
C:\              83G   68G   15G  83% /mnt/c
D:\             466G  261G  205G  57% /mnt/d
E:\             466G   92G  375G  20% /mnt/e

二、查看目录及子目录占用空间

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# du, disk usage，用法如下：

NAME
       du - estimate file space usage

SYNOPSIS
       du [OPTION]... [FILE]...
       du [OPTION]... --files0-from=F

DESCRIPTION
       Summarize disk usage of the set of FILEs, recursively for directories.

       Mandatory arguments to long options are mandatory for short options too.

       -0, --null
              end each output line with NUL, not newline

       -a, --all
              write counts for all files, not just directories

       --apparent-size
              print  apparent sizes, rather than disk usage; although the apparent size is usually smaller, it may be
              larger due to holes in ('sparse') files, internal fragmentation, indirect blocks, and the like

       -B, --block-size=SIZE
              scale sizes by SIZE before printing them; e.g., '-BM' prints sizes in units  of  1,048,576  bytes;  see
              SIZE format below

       -b, --bytes
            equivalent to '--apparent-size --block-size=1'

       -c, --total
              produce a grand total

       -D, --dereference-args
              dereference only symlinks that are listed on the command line

       -d, --max-depth=N
              print the total for a directory (or file, with --all) only if it is N or fewer levels below the command
              line argument;  --max-depth=0 is the same as --summarize

       --files0-from=F
              summarize disk usage of the NUL-terminated file names specified in file F; if F is -, then  read  names
              from standard input

       -H     equivalent to --dereference-args (-D)

       -h, --human-readable
              print sizes in human readable format (e.g., 1K 234M 2G)

       --inodes
              list inode usage information instead of block usage

       -k     like --block-size=1K

       -L, --dereference
              dereference all symbolic links
        -l, --count-links
              count sizes many times if hard linked

       -m     like --block-size=1M

       -P, --no-dereference
              dont follow any symbolic links (this is the default)

       -S, --separate-dirs
              for directories do not include size of subdirectories

       --si   like -h, but use powers of 1000 not 1024

       -s, --summarize
              display only a total for each argument

       -t, --threshold=SIZE
              exclude entries smaller than SIZE if positive, or entries greater than SIZE if negative

       --time show time of the last modification of any file in the directory, or any of its subdirectories

       --time=WORD
              show time as WORD instead of modification time: atime, access, use, ctime or status

       --time-style=STYLE
              show  times  using STYLE, which can be: full-iso, long-iso, iso, or +FORMAT; FORMAT is interpreted like
              in 'date'
        -X, --exclude-from=FILE
              exclude files that match any pattern in FILE

       --exclude=PATTERN
              exclude files that match PATTERN

       -x, --one-file-system
              skip directories on different file systems

       --help display this help and exit

       --version
              output version information and exit

       Display values are in units of the first available SIZE from --block-size, and the  DU_BLOCK_SIZE,  BLOCK_SIZE
       and  BLOCKSIZE  environment  variables.   Otherwise, units default to 1024 bytes (or 512 if POSIXLY_CORRECT is
       set).

       The SIZE argument is an integer and optional unit (example: 10K is 10*1024).  Units are K,M,G,T,P,E,Z,Y  (pow‐
       ers of 1024) or KB,MB,... (powers of 1000).

PATTERNS
       PATTERN  is  a  shell pattern (not a regular expression).  The pattern ?  matches any one character, whereas *
       matches any string (composed of zero, one or multiple characters).  For example,  *.o  will  match  any  files
       whose names end in .o.  Therefore, the command

              du --exclude='*.o'
will skip all files and subdirectories ending in .o (including the file .o itself).

AUTHOR
       Written by Torbjorn Granlund, David MacKenzie, Paul Eggert, and Jim Meyering.

REPORTING BUGS
       GNU coreutils online help: <http://www.gnu.org/software/coreutils/>
       Report du translation bugs to <http://translationproject.org/team/>

COPYRIGHT
       Copyright   ©   2017   Free   Software   Foundation,  Inc.   License  GPLv3+:  GNU  GPL  version  3  or  later
       <http://gnu.org/licenses/gpl.html>.
       This is free software: you are free to change and redistribute it.  There is NO WARRANTY, to the  extent  per‐
       mitted by law.

SEE ALSO
       Full documentation at: <http://www.gnu.org/software/coreutils/du>
       or available locally via: info '(coreutils) du invocation'

几个例子：

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$ du -ah /mnt/d/cancer
0       /mnt/d/cancer/bam
1.1G    /mnt/d/cancer/qc/SRR5478491C_1.fastq.gz
1.1G    /mnt/d/cancer/qc/SRR5478491C_2.fastq.gz
983M    /mnt/d/cancer/qc/SRR5478492C_1.fastq.gz
981M    /mnt/d/cancer/qc/SRR5478492C_2.fastq.gz
4.0G    /mnt/d/cancer/qc
995M    /mnt/d/cancer/SRR5478491_1.fastq.gz
992M    /mnt/d/cancer/SRR5478491_2.fastq.gz
937M    /mnt/d/cancer/SRR5478492_1.fastq.gz
930M    /mnt/d/cancer/SRR5478492_2.fastq.gz
7.8G    /mnt/d/cancer
# -a，读取目录并目录下的文件
$ du -sh /mnt/d/cancer
7.8G    /mnt/d/cancer
# -s，只统计总使用量，即只统计一级目录

$ du -a /mnt/d/cancer | sort -rn | head
8090892 /mnt/d/cancer
4146356 /mnt/d/cancer/qc
1069092 /mnt/d/cancer/qc/SRR5478491C_1.fastq.gz
1067292 /mnt/d/cancer/qc/SRR5478491C_2.fastq.gz
1018780 /mnt/d/cancer/SRR5478491_1.fastq.gz
1014984 /mnt/d/cancer/SRR5478491_2.fastq.gz
1005984 /mnt/d/cancer/qc/SRR5478492C_1.fastq.gz
1003988 /mnt/d/cancer/qc/SRR5478492C_2.fastq.gz
958692  /mnt/d/cancer/SRR5478492_1.fastq.gz
952080  /mnt/d/cancer/SRR5478492_2.fastq.gz
# 不但统计使用量，还按照大小进行降序排列
  • 本文作者：括囊无誉
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